POLICYMAKING PROCESS AND METHODS: AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

Policy-making is regard to be a critical process that shapes the wellbeing and development of societies. It involves creation implementation laws, regulations, programs help governments address complex challenges faced by modern or developing Effective policy-making requires involvement various stakeholders, which entails government officials, interest groups, civil society organizations, public. The institutional analysis policy making examining formal informal rules, norms, incentives shape behaviour actors involved in policy-making. can people identify stakeholders policy-making, their incentives, constraints they face. In recent years, Pakistan's policymaking has number issues. lack coordination collaboration among departments agencies one most significant challenges. This frequently results contradictory policies ineffective implementation. Another issue influence powerful as well transparency decision-making processes. These issues have slowed pace reform hampered progress towards objectives. case Pakistan incorporated this article, highlights need for improved agencies, processes, effective monitoring evaluation mechanisms ensure successful op-ed sheds some light on crucial achieving national goals improving lives citizens.